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Changing definitions of heroism in epic poetry. Vergil's Aeneid, which praises Aeneas as a leader of men rather than as a warrior and considers the relation between Roman heroism and revenge. The clash between force and wisdom in La chanson de Roland (The Song of Roland), an eleventh-century Old French poem about Charlemagne and the Battle of Rencesvals. The medieval Spanish epic The Cid and how El Cid's humanity makes him a popular and powerful leader.
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