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Nineteenth- and twentieth-century fiction about colonialism. How imperialism destroys empire builders as well as imperial subjects in Joseph Conrad's 1902 Heart of Darkness, set in the Belgian Congo. E. M. Forster's A Passage to India, a critique of the limitations of liberalism, which suggests that friendship cannot exist without independence and equality. The Nobel Prize winner V. S. Naipaul's A House for Mr. Biswas, about a Trinidadian of Indian descent and whether former colonies are doomed to mimic their colonizers rather than develop a dominant culture of their own. Wu Zhuoliu's The Orphan of Asia and the colonial experience of being neither Japanese nor Chinese during Japan's occupation of Taiwan.
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